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Cholesterol metabolism is vital for the progression of prostate cancer (PCa), especially in the occurrence and development. Statins can affect the progression of PCa by reducing cholesterol. This paper will review how cholesterol metabolism affects the progression of PCa.
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Objective:To establish a predictive model that can predict the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic surgery for pediatric upper urinary tract calculi, and evaluate its diagnostic efficacy through internal validation.Methods:The data was selected from the prospective database of pediatric upper tract calculi constructed by Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from June 2014 to April 2019. A total of 348 children were recruited in this investigation including 250 boys and 98 girls, with a median age of 3.0 years(Interquartile Range 1.4, 7.0 years). Totally 375 endoscopic surgeries were performed, with an overall stone free rate (SFR) of 88.0% (330/375) and complication rate (CR) of 23.2% (87/375). This research used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate and screen the predictors of SFR and CR. The nomogram of SFR and CR was established by using the selected predictive factors. The differentiation degree of the model was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC), the consistency between the prediction probability and the actual risk was evaluated by the calibration curve, and the clinical benefits of the model application were assessed by the decision curve.Results:The results of multivariate analysis demonstrated that stone burden, operation duration, intraoperative perfusion, stone location and operative options were the postoperative predictors of SFR and CR for children. Besides, BMI was also a predictor of postoperative CR. The AUC of the model (model 1: SFR; model 2: CR) based on the above predictive factors was 0.81 and 0.73, respectively. The predictive probability of the calibration curve showed that the model had a good consistency with the actual value. The decision curve showed that the application of model 1 to predict SFR had significant clinical benefits when the threshold value was greater than 20%, and the application of model 2 to predict the postoperative CR had a significant clinical benefit when the threshold was greater than 10%.Conclusions:Nomogram based on stone burden, operation time, intraoperative perfusion, stone location and operative options was validated internally with preferable predictive power on the effectiveness and safety of pediatric endoscopic surgery. This model can be used to predict the clinical effects of pediatric endoscopic lithotripsy. BMI was also an important factor for the safety of pediatric endoscopic procedures.
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Adrenal gland is one of the most common metastases from malignant tumors. Most adrenal metastases have not completely destroyed adrenal tissue, so most patients have no clinical symptoms. The main methods for the diagnosis of adrenal metastases are CT, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. At present, there is still controversy about the treatment of adrenal metastasis of all kinds of adrenal metastases. Non-surgical treatment mainly includes chemical drug therapy, radiotherapy, interventional therapy and so on. With the development of cognition and technology, the mode and indication of surgical treatment have also changed. In this paper, the diagnosis and treatment of adrenal metastases in recent years are reviewed.
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Objective@#To investigate the clinical features of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) and analyze the factors affecting its prognosis.@*Methods@#Retrospectively analyze the case data of 66 patients with chRCC admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from October 2003 to September 2018, including 32 males and 34 females; the average age was (53.9±13.9) years and the age range was 24-85 years. To analyze the clinical symptoms, whether have hypertension, diabetes, tumor characteristics (size, side, location), surgical methods, TNM staging and other clinical features of patients, with disease-free survival (DFS) as the study endpoint. The survival curve was drawed by the kaplan-Meier method. Survival analysis was performed using Log-rank test, and the clinical features of prognosis were analyzed by Cox regression models.@*Results@#Among the 66 patients, the mean diameter of the tumor was (5.4±3.5) cm, 17 cases were ≥7 cm, 49 cases were <7 cm; 48 cases were asymptomatic, and 18 cases were symptomatic; 45 cases in T1, 15 cases in T2, 6 cases in T3; 33 cases were underwent radical nephrectomy, 32 cases were underwent nephron sparing surgery, 1 case was under the therapy of watchful waiting. The median follow-up time was 61 months, and the DFS in 1, 5, and 10 years were 94.6%, 91.3%, and 82.2%, respectively. Log-rank results showed that the maximum diameter of the tumor was related to the T stage and the survival time of the patients (P<0.05). Cox multivariate analysis showed that T stage was an independent risk factor for DFS (HR=8.102, P=0.027).@*Conclusions@#ChRCC is a type of kidney cancer with a good prognosis. Tumor staging is more common in T1 and T2 phases, patients with higher DFS in 5 and 10 years, and T staging is an independent risk factor for DFS in patients.
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Objective To investigate the clinical features of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) and analyze the factors affecting its prognosis.Methods Retrospectively analyze the case data of 66 patients with chRCC admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University from October 2003 to September 2018,including 32 males and 34 females;the average age was (53.9 ± 13.9) years and the age range was 24-85 years.To analyze the clinical symptoms,whether have hypertension,diabetes,tumor characteristics (size,side,location),surgical methods,TNM staging and other clinical features of patients,with disease-free survival (DFS)as the study endpoint.The survival curve was drawed by the kaplan-Meier method.Survival analysis was performed using Log-rank test,and the clinical features of prognosis were analyzed by Cox regression models.Results Among the 66 patients,the mean diameter of the tumor was (5.4 ±3.5) cm,17 cases were ≥7 cm,49 cases were ＜7 cm;48 cases were asymptomatic,and 18 cases were symptomatic;45 cases in T1,15 cases in T2,6 cases in T3;33 cases were underwent radical nephrectomy,32 cases were underwent nephron sparing surgery,1 case was under the therapy of watchful waiting.The median follow-up time was 61 months,and the DFS in 1,5,and 10 years were 94.6％,91.3％,and 82.2％,respectively.Log-rank results showed that the maximum diameter of the tumor was related to the T stage and the survival time of the patients (P ＜ 0.05).Cox multivariate analysis showed that T stage was an independent risk factor for DFS (HR =8.102,P =0.027).Conclusions ChRCC is a type of kidney cancer with a good prognosis.Tumor staging is more common in T1 and T2 phases,patients with higher DFS in 5and 10 years,and T staging is an independent risk factor for DFS in patients.
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Cellular reprogramming to neural cells is an area of ongoing study in developmental neuroscience, and recent research has generated remarkable achievements. Several studies have shown that the ectopic expression of specific neural transcription factors can convert terminally differentiated cells into neural cells. Here, we review the most recent progress in the field of induced neuronal (iN) cells and induced neural stem (iNS) cells and their potential clinical applications.
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Animais , Humanos , Diferenciação Celular , Linhagem da Célula , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas , Biologia Celular , Metabolismo , Células-Tronco Neurais , Biologia Celular , Neurônios , Biologia Celular , Metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição , MetabolismoRESUMO
Objective In this experiment,we explored the effects of rAAV\|hGDNF on protecting spinal neurons From death. Methods rAAV\|hGDNF particals were produced by recombinant virus technolgy,and infected the culture spinal neurons which were exposed to glutamate.We counted the mortality rate and detected the expression of NOS mRNA by RT\|PCR. Results In the group transfering rAAV\|hGDNF the death rate was inhibited(50%?0^02,control 59^25%?0^023, P